Uint 3
Culture makes me what I am
Task 1:On the first day
Collectivism Individualism Individualism Collectivism
II. Basic Listening Practice
Keys: 1.B 2.A 3. D 4.B 5.A
III. Listening In
Task 1:Competition in America
Keys:1.C 2.A 3. C 4.B 5.D
Task 2:How to select elective courses?
Keys:
(1)roots
(2)what
(3)moral
(4)diligence
(5)sin
(6)teachings
(7)centuries
(8)If it's worth doing at all, it's worth doing well
(9)In English a new word has been created to describe people who work compulsively
(10)Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive
Task3: Cross-cultural tips on doing business
Keys:1.D 2.A 3. D 4.A 5.C
IV. Speaking Out
MODEL1
MODEL2
MODEL3
V. Let?ˉs Talk
Task 1:International Slavery Museum
Keys:
1.
(1)transatlantic slave trade
(2)unknown lands
(3)dignity or payment
2.
(1)rich
(2)cotton and sugar
3.
(1)all over the world
(2)family history
(3)changed
4.
200th anniversary
5.
(1)banned
(2)taking part in
(3)slavery
(4)freed
Task 2:What's your answer?
VI. Further Listening and Speakingand Speaking
Listening Task:
Task1: Problems with our educational system
Script:
To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other people's time.
Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for an apology and maybe an explanation.
People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay.
Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly on time.
At informal get-togethers, for example, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the appointed time.
But they usually don't try that at work.American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others.
When people plan an event, they often set the time days or weeks in advance.
Once the time is fixed, it takes almost an emergency to change it.
If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually call first to make sure it is convenient.
Only very close friends will just "drop in" unannounced.
Also, people hesitate to call others late at night for fear they might already be in bed.
The time may vary, but most people think twice about calling after 10:00 p.m.
To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock. People in some Eastern cultures value relationships more than schedules.
In these societies, people don't try to control time, but to experience it.
Many Eastern cultures, for example, view time as a cycle.
The rhythm of nature—from the passing of seasons to the monthly cycle of the moon—shapes their view of events.
If they have wasted some time or let an opportunity pass by, they are not very worried, knowing that more time and opportunities will come in the next cycle.
But Americans often want to jump at the first opportunity.
They are unwilling to stand by idly and give up the opportunity.
The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed that view of time like this: "Do you love life? Then do not waste time, for that is the stuff life is made of."
Keys:1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D
Task 2: Our personal space
Script
Our personal space, that piece of the universe we occupy and call our own, is contained within an invisible boundary surrounding our body. As the owners of this area, we usually decide who may enter and who may not. When our space is invaded, we react in a variety of ways. We back up and retreat, stand our ground as our hands become moist from nervousness, or sometimes even react violently. Our response shows not only our unique personality, but also our cultural background.
For example, cultures that stress individualism such as England, the United States, Germany, and Australia, generally demand more space than collective cultures do, and tend to become aggressive when their space is invaded. This idea of space is quite different from the one found in the Mexican and Arab cultures. In Mexico, the physical distance between people when engaged in conversation is closer than what is usual north of the border. And for Middle Easterners, typical Arab conversations are at close range. Closeness cannot be avoided.
As is the case with most of our behavior, our use of space is directly linked to the value system of our culture. In some Asian cultures, for example, employees do not stand near their bosses; the extended distance demonstrates respect. Extra interpersonal distance is also part of the cultural experience of the people of Scotland and Sweden, for whom it reflects privacy. And in Germany, private space is sacred.
Keys:1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B
Task3:We don't know what to do with them.
Script
A Russian, a Cuban, an American businessman, and an American lawyer were passengers on a fast train speeding across the French countryside. As time wore on, they gradually became friendly with one another, introducing themselves and shaking hands. Eventually, the Russian took out a large bottle of vodka and poured each of his traveling companions a drink. Just as the American businessman was sipping the vodka and praising its fine quality, the Russian hurled the half-full bottle out of the open window.
"What did you do that for?" asked the startled American businessman.
"Vodka is plentiful in my country," said the Russian. "In fact, we have thousands and thousands of liters of it—far more than we need."
The American businessman shook his head and leaned back in his seat, obviously baffled by the Russian's reasoning.
A little later, the young Cuban passed around a box of fine Havana cigars. The men enjoyed this treat and made admiring remarks about the pleasure of smoking good Havana cigars. At that very moment the Cuban took a couple of puffs of his cigar and then tossed it out of the open window.
"I thought the Cuban economy was not good this year," the American businessman said. "Yet you threw that perfectly good cigar away. I find your actions quite puzzling."
"Cigars," the Cuban replied, "are a dime a dozen in Cuba. We have more of them than we know what to do with."
The American businessman sat in silence for a moment. Then he got up, grabbed the lawyer, and threw him out of the window.
Keys:
1.The Russian hurled the half-full bottle of vodka out of the open window.
2.He answered, "Vodka is plentiful in my country. In fact, we have thousands and thousands of liters of it—far more than we need."
3.The businessman said, "I thought the Cuban economy was not good this year. Yet you threw that perfectly good cigar away. I find your actions quite puzzling."
4.He replied, "Cigars are a dime a dozen in Cuba. We have more of them than we know what to do with."
5.The American businessman sat in silence for a moment. Then he got up, grabbed the lawyer, and threw him out of the window. He did that probably because he thought there were too many lawyers in the United States.
Viewing and speaking:
Task 1:Reviving the image of tea
Keys:
(1)disappearing
(2)kicking
(3)tea shop
(4)image crisis
(5)update
(6)compete
(7)fast
(8)product designers
(9)contacts
(10)similar
(11)want
(12)challenge
(13)consumer
(14)traditional
Task 2:Talk after viewing
Script
As people become espresso fiends and cappuccino connoisseurs, the traditional British tea are being kicked off the menu by designer coffees.
Unit 3 test
Part I
Keys: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.D
Part II
(1) values
(2) purpose
(3) true
(4) Nowhere
(5) equality
(6) races
(7) laboratory
(8) Although Edwards specifically mentions young men, young women also compete in organized sports without regard to their race or economic background
(9) Many Americans believe that learning how to win in sports helps develop the habits necessary to compete successfully in later life
(10) the competitive ethic taught in sports must be learned and cultivated in youth for the future success of American business and military efforts
Part III
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.D
Part IV
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.A
